Scientific Bulletin 2024/No1

This study aims to examine the relationship between crude oil prices, population, exports, inflation, and economic growth in Iraq based on annual time series from 1997 to 2022. As it is well known, crude oil is one of the most important resources for energy production, transportation, and various industries. Moreover, this energy source has a critical importance in terms of the international trade. Therefore, the effects of crude oil in Iraq’s economy is analyzed in this study. To achieve the degree and magnitude of the parameters used in the models, the Ordinary Least Squares method and the Johansen cointegration test are utilized. According to the empirical results of the study, while crude oil prices, population, and exports have a positive impact on economic growth, inflation has a negative impact. Additionally, a long-term relationship is found between crude oil prices, population, exports, inflation, and economic growth.as a result of cointegration test with the VAR system. Based on these results, it can be said that sustainable oil producing is very crucial in Iraq. Since the government income of Iraq relies heavily on revenue generated from oil exports, the improving and regulation activities should be considered in the oil sector. On the other hand, as the oil is finite resource, the local policymakers need to focus on researching alternative sources for exports and research the ways to boost the country’s GDP.

Abstract. This study examines how path analysis of globalization variables can have a direct effect on economic growth. This study uses the Path Analysis method by reviewing the dynamic modeling between Economic Globalization (GEI), Social Globalization (SGI), Economic Cooperation (KEI), and Economic Growth (GDP) for the period 1970 to 2020 in Indonesia. World Bank and KOFGI ETH Zurich Switzerland publish this data. The results showed that in model (1), there was a direct and significant effect between the KEI variable and GEI of 0.792. Then, in the model (2), the F test or joint test between the GEI, KEI, and SGI variables to GDP has a direct and significant effect. Then, partially, GEI has an immediate and significant impact on GDP, and SGI has a direct and significant effect on GDP. GEI is an intermediary variable for KEI to lead to the path effect to GDP, and this is in accordance with the hypothesis that KEI has an indirect effect on GDP.

The assessment of firm value is crucial because it reflects the company's performance, which can affect investor perceptions. Along with development, firm value can be influenced by applying financial management functions, such as tax avoidance and dividend policy. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the impact of tax avoidance and dividend policy on firm value, with managerial ownership as a moderating variable. This study uses a quantitative approach, with a population of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2019-2022. Sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling method, so that 32 companies per year were obtained during 2019-2022, resulting in a total of 128 data. Statistical tests were carried out using moderated regression analysis. The research findings show that tax avoidance has a negative impact on firm value, while dividend policy has a positive impact on firm value. However, the managerial ownership variable has no significant effect in strengthening or weakening the relationship between tax avoidance and dividend policy on firm value.

This study is proposed to examine the effects of job burnout on employees’ performance, job satisfaction, turnover intention, and employee engagement in the commercial industry in Istanbul/Turkey. Due to the consequences of job burnout, organizations need to observe factors that lead to burnout to avoid the impact of the job burnout on the performance of employees. Exploring the impact of job burnout phenomenon on employees’ performance was essential in organizations. The primary data was collected via Online Google forms which included 177 participants residing in Istanbul city. Data was collected based on virtual snowball sampling. Spearman correlation analysis was applied to primary data to investigate the job burnout’s impact on the previously mentioned variables. The results find that job burnout had a statistical influence on employee performance, job satisfaction, turnover intention, and employee engagement. According to our results and findings, a negative relationship was found between job burnout and the performance of employee, it was also found a negative relationship between job burnout and job satisfaction, a positive relationship between job burnout and turnover intention, and a negative relationship between job burnout and employee engagement. The conclusion of the research will assist organizations in understanding the causes of job burnout and considering any possible impact burnout may have on employee performance, job satisfaction, turnover intention, and employee engagement.

Goal: This essay aims to illustrate the significance of artificial intelligence in online shopping. This article will examine and discuss the significance of artificial intelligence for e-commerce using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework. The goal of this essay is to present a deeper and more thorough analysis of the factors that make artificial intelligence crucial to e-commerce. List of References and Works Review design, technique, and strategy have been applied from a variety of sources to gather data that can serve as the foundation for hypotheses and findings. Results: Four characteristics of artificial intelligence are identified in this study to enhance purchasing intention in e-commerce. The four dimensions are Information & Insight Experience, Interactive Experience & Accessibility, Interactive Experience and Customization, and Accuracy & Experience Interaction Dimensions. Limitations and implications of the research: emphasize qualitative over quantitative, Findings are difficult to generalize, and direct control experiments are not possible. Practical Implications: By assisting ecommerce businesses in implementing AI technology effectively, this paper helps them enhance consumer purchase intentions. Originality/value: According to this paper, businesses can establish an environment that encourages rising Purchase Intention from prospective customers, rising loyalty, and bolstering overall business performance in this digital era by comprehending and measuring the pertinent dimensions.

Artificial Intelligence indeed has its own significance in the present society. In fact it is embedded in every sphere and impacted effectively on every individual. Sometimes the principles linked to artificial paradigm is too complex towards operational because of the fundamental constraints linked to legal and ethical issues. Sometimes it has been seen that the active involvement of artificial intelligence may constrain the process of traditional principles of legal aspects. So to visualize the ethics as well as behavioral aspects of intelligent system, it may be essential to include the human safety centric regulations in the system. Accordingly, the embedded ethics along with intellectual rights can treat the intelligent agents as a utility in the society. The enhancement of intelligent system can also be prioritized based on technical interpretations of autonomy and philosophical analysis towards selection of originality. In this paper it has been thought to prioritize several aspects and issues encumbering in the society. In this regard, the intelligent systems deployed can perform better to overcome the challenges as well as ethical and legal concerns.